Meaning
Statistical ranges that quantify the doubt associated with a master measurement device define the accuracy of all subsequent calibrations. Reference standard uncertainty accounts for the errors in the master instrument itself and the environmental conditions during the test. This value is used to calculate the total error budget for a laboratory or a production facility.
Calibration Bias
Constant offset between the reference device and the true value must be corrected during the measurement process. Reference standard uncertainty includes the residual error that remains after these corrections are applied. Understanding this bias is necessary for ensuring that measurements taken at different locations are comparable.
Error Probability
Likelihood that the true value falls within a specific range is expressed as a confidence interval. The reference standard uncertainty is typically reported at a ninety five percent confidence level to provide a standard for risk assessment. This allows engineers to decide if the measurement tool is suitable for the required tolerance of the part.
Tolerance Stack
Accumulation of multiple small errors through a chain of calibrations can lead to a significant total discrepancy. Reference standard uncertainty is the first link in this chain and must be as small as possible to allow for errors in the field instruments. Minimizing this value requires the use of higher grade master standards and strict control of temperature and humidity.