Meaning
Structural weakening of pressure vessels and piping occurs when the internal force repeatedly exceeds the maximum allowable working pressure. Overpressure fatigue leads to the formation of microscopic cracks in the metal that grow with each cycle of stress. This degradation can result in a sudden failure even when the pressure is within the normal operating range.
Stress Cycle
Number of times a system is pressurized and depressurized determines the remaining life of the components. Overpressure fatigue is accelerated by high amplitude cycles where the peak pressure is significantly above the design limit. Engineers use rainflow counting algorithms to track these events and predict when maintenance is required.
Failure Prediction
Monitoring the expansion of a vessel under load provides data on the current state of the material. When overpressure fatigue is present, the metal loses its elasticity and does not return to its original shape after the pressure is released. Ultrasonic testing identifies internal flaws before they reach a critical size.
Material Strain
Physical deformation of the atomic structure happens whenever the yield strength of the material is surpassed. Overpressure fatigue causes work hardening in some alloys which makes them more brittle and prone to cracking. Selecting materials with high toughness helps to resist this type of damage in systems with frequent pressure spikes.